Narayanan, Olk and Fukami (2010: 65) identified three (3) sets of the same three (3) actors interacting in a process. There is some similarity with the cooperative education system model, which is based on Lessing's (1985) training-system model. The latter identified four (4) interacting elements in the transformation/processes (middle) phase.
Narayanan, V.K.; Olk, P.M. & Fukami, C.V. 2010. Determinants of Internship Effectiveness: An Exploratory Model. Academy of Management Learning & Education, Vol. 9, No. 1, 61–80.
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