Eisenberdt (2021: 124) indicates that initially virtual learning environment (VLE) was understood as a synonym for a learning management system (LMS), constructed based on the client-server architecture, and cites the Cambridge Dictionary definition, namely ‘a system for learning and teaching using the internet and special software’. He also cites Wrycza’s (2010) definition: “a system supporting the administration, organization and conduct of e-learning training with the use of tools for creating educational materials and online communication”, which reflects a widening of the notion VLE. Eisenberdt (2021: 124) indicates that the understanding of this term has changed over time to integrate separate tools, “distributed architecture and cloud computing, and sometimes even artificial intelligence technology”, concluding by citing Dillenbourg (2000) that ‘the virtual learning environment is a designed information space’, capturing the essence.
Top Hat Monocle, Inc. (n.d.), a Canadian developer of interactive learning software, states that a “virtual learning environment refers to a system that offers educators digitally-based solutions aimed at creating interactive, active learning environments”. Top Hat adds that VLEs enable creation, storage and dissemination of content; the planning of courses and lessons; and fostering communication between students and lecturers (through online interaction, digital communication, and quizzes or polls). Top Hat state that VLEs “are often part of a higher education institution’s wider learning management system (LMS)”, an online-based platform that provides students and lecturers with “digital solutions that enhance the learning experience”, harnessing technology to supplement learning.
The table below portray the VLEs at six Polish universities, each with more than 10 years traditions of e-learning. Eisenberdt (2021: 131-2) found many similarities, such as all “use the Moodle e-learning platform and Office 365 as a cloud computing solution”. However, also differences, with regard to the student service system, in that University Study-Oriented System (USOS, https://www.usos.edu.pl/) is popular with most public universities; but dedicated systems are also used. For “synchronous communication, Microsoft Teams and Zoom are most often employed in teaching”, but also other systems. “The most popular virtual desktop tool is VDI – IBM VMware Horizon”, but not the only option. The selection of VLE elements probably consequential, based on “previously selected solutions or the choice between popular and recommended systems”.
Source: Part of Table 2, Eisenberdt (2021: 131)
Eisenberdt, T. (2021). Virtual learning environments as a remedy for universities against the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis. Problemy Zarządzania (Management Issues), 19(3), 122–137. https://doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.93.6.
Top Hat. (n.d.). Glossary of Higher Ed. https://tophat.com/glossary/v/virtual-learning-environment/.Top Hat Monocle, Inc. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) develops interactive classroom software. The Company allows for students to use various mobile devices to participate in polls, quizzes, interactive demonstrations, open ended discussions, and learning management systems within classrooms.
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